Quince

Common quince (Cydonia), or oblong quince - this woody plant belongs to the monotypic genus, which is a representative of the pink family. In the wild, such a plant is found in Transcaucasia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and also in the temperate regions of South and Central Europe and Asia. Moreover, this plant prefers to grow in clearings, forest edges and clearings, in the lower belt of mountains, as well as along the banks of streams and rivers. Such a tree needs moist, loose, heavy loamy, black earth, nutritious sandy or red earth soil.

Quince is cultivated in Australia, South Africa and Oceania, which have a hot climate, as well as in North and South America. Another such tree is grown in Norway and Scotland, where the climate is quite cool. Quince has been familiar to man for more than 4 thousand years. This fruit was awarded to Aphrodite, who defeated other contenders in a dispute about beauty, while it was believed that the quince is a kind of apple.

Features of quince

Quince is a deciduous shrub or tree. The height of such a plant can vary from 1.5 to 5 meters. The branches go up obliquely. The thin and smooth bark is scaly. The color of the trunk and old quince branches is dark brown-red or dark gray. Young branches are covered with fleecy brown-gray bark. Felt-pubescent stems have a greenish-gray color. Alternate whole-edged leaf plates of an ovoid or oval shape, as a rule, are broadly elliptical, but sometimes they are also rounded. Their front surface is naked, dark green, and the back has a bluish color due to the fact that it is covered with tomentose pubescence. The foliage is 5–12 centimeters long and 7.5 centimeters wide; there are two centimeter petioles. As a rule, the flowers are single, regular in shape, there is pubescence on the surface of the pedicels.Flowering begins in May or June. The fruit is a false fleecy apple, the shape of which is pear-shaped or round, and the color is dark yellow or lemon. There are 5 multi-seeded nests inside the fruit. Fruits of wild plants reach 25–35 mm in diameter, while in cultivated forms their diameter can reach 15 centimeters. The fragrant pulp of the fruit is low-juicy and tough; it has a tart, astringent and slightly sweet taste. Fruit ripening is observed in September and October. The average life span of such a plant is about 60 years, it begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years of life, and active fruiting lasts from 30 to 50 years.

This plant is related to many crops grown in the garden, namely, pear, cherry plum, hawthorn, almond, mountain ash, apple, plum, medlar, wild rose, irga, chokeberry and other cultivated plants popular among gardeners. Quince fruits can be used to make jelly, compote, preserves, marmalade, drinks, they are also used as a seasoning for meat dishes. In alternative medicine, quince also found its place, it is used in the treatment of colitis, uterine bleeding, constipation, flatulence, respiratory diseases and in the treatment of the digestive tract. During flowering, the plant looks very impressive, and therefore it is used to decorate public parks, gardens and squares.

Planting quince in open ground

What time to plant

Such a drought-resistant and thermophilic plant as quince can withstand even a four-week flood, so it can be planted in areas where groundwater is shallow. An open area on the south side is most suitable for planting. Quince can be grown on almost any soil, but at the same time, the best fruiting is observed when cultivated on well-loosened heavy soil. If it is planted in light sandy loam soil, then it will begin to bear fruit earlier, but the harvests will not be so rich, and the plant itself will not live very long. Planting a seedling in open ground should be done during a dormant period, namely, in autumn and spring.

Autumn planting

In the event that you purchase annual seedlings, then you can take plants with both open and closed root systems. But if the seedlings are older, then preference should be given to those that have an open root system, as you can see it well. Remember that for a quince growing in open soil, the root system, as a rule, occupies a larger area than the projection of the crown, in this regard, a distance of at least 5 meters must be maintained between the planted seedling and any other tree or structure.

In the event that an autumn planting of quince in open soil is supposed, then the preparation of the hole should be done in the spring. To do this, you need to dig up the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet, while adding 20 grams of potassium salt and 50 grams of superphosphate to it for each 1 square meter. The dug and fertilized soil should be watered a little. Before planting the plant itself, it is necessary to dig a planting hole, the depth of which should be 0.4 m and the diameter should be 0.45–0.9 m. At the same time, remember that the diameter of the hole directly depends on the size of the seedling root system. To begin with, in the center of the pit, you need to drive a peg to which the seedling will be tied. At its bottom, you need to lay a layer of clay. Now, 1/3 of the remaining depth, the hole must be covered with nutritious soil, which is combined with 150 grams of superphosphate and 50 grams of wood ash. When the hole is ready, you need to place a seedling in it. The plant's root system is carefully straightened, and the hole is filled with soil, which needs to be compacted a little. The planted quince needs good watering, while at least 20 liters of water is taken for 1 bush.After the liquid is completely absorbed into the soil, the plant should be tied to a peg, and then the surface of the trunk circle is mulched with a thick layer of peat or humus.

Spring planting

In spring, planting a seedling in open soil is done in the same way as in autumn. However, it should be noted that digging and fertilization of the soil must be done in the autumn. Also, after planting, the trunk circle needs to be covered with a thinner layer of mulch compared to the autumn planting, about 5 centimeters, instead of 10 centimeters.

Quince care

How to groom in spring

In the first spring weeks, before the sap flow begins, it is necessary to prune the quince for sanitary purposes, while it is necessary to cut out all dried, diseased and injured branches. If the tree is young, then a shaping haircut is arranged for it at the same time, and if it is old, a rejuvenating one. As soon as the buds begin to open, the plant should be treated with a solution of Bordeaux liquid (3%). However, remember that opened kidneys can burn such a substance. At about the same time, the base of the skeletal branches and the trunk must be whitewashed, and lime is used for this. And also complete mineral fertilization must be applied to the soil.

Treatment of quince against sawflies, moths, aphids, moths, leaf rollers and powdery mildew should be carried out on a pink bud, for this use Fastka solution (3 milligrams of substance for 1 bucket of water) or another means of similar action.

Before the plant blooms, as well as at the end of flowering, the quince will need to be watered abundantly, while the water should be mixed with a complex mineral fertilizer.

After 1.5 weeks after the plant has faded, it is necessary to process the plant in order to prevent leaf-eating pests, sawflies, fruit rot and scab, for this use Topaz or other drugs of a similar effect.

How to care in summer

In June, it is necessary to process the bush from gold-tails, moths, moths, aphids, leaf rollers; for this, Sonnet solution is used (for 1 bucket of water from 6 to 8 milligrams of substance). Further treatments during the season are made only if necessary.

This plant, both in the spring and in the summer, needs timely weeding and loosening of the soil surface both in the aisles and in the near-trunk circle. To reduce the number of weeding and loosening, it is necessary to cover the plant's near-stem circle with a layer of mulch. In July it should be fed with full mineral fertilizer.

Ripening of quince fruits is observed in August and September. It should be remembered that 4 weeks before harvesting, you must stop any treatment of the plant from diseases and pests.

How to care for the fall

Harvesting takes place from the last days of September to the end of November. Then the quince must be sprayed with a solution of urea (5%) to protect it from scab. In the autumn, the so-called water-charging irrigation is carried out. When all the leaves fall off, the plant will begin a dormant period. When this happens, it will be necessary to perform anti-aging, thinning and sanitary pruning. Preparing the tree for wintering should be done in November.

Quince processing

You need to process quince systematically, even if it is absolutely healthy. Preventive treatments against various diseases and pests will help avoid possible serious problems with the plant when growing it. For the first time in a season, the tree should be treated in the spring, while the buds are not yet swollen; for this, use means No. 30, which can exterminate all pests that have overwintered in the soil surface or in the bark. Next, the plant is processed before it blooms and when it fades. On the foliage, the tree should be treated against fungus with Bordeaux liquid (1%) or Abiga Peak.In May, when the buds appear, the plant will need spraying with Horus from fungi, as well as Kemifos from leaf rollers. When the quince fades, it needs to be sprayed with two preparations at once, namely: Inta Virom and Strobi from the fungus and the moth.

In June, when the fruit begins to grow, the plant will need to be treated with Lepidocide and Skor. At the same time, in July, Strobi and Kemifos are sprayed, which will protect the quince from the second generation of the moth and from the fungus.

Experts advise to stop any processing of quince 4-6 weeks before harvesting. However, if you grow late varieties, then they can be sprayed with Kemifos, but only if there is an urgent need for it.

You can get rid of various harmful insects with the help of drugs such as Karbofos, Metaphos, Actellik, Aktara, Decis, Zolon, Arrivo, Fufanon, Confidor. If the plant is affected by a fungal disease, then it must be treated with a fungicidal agent, for example, you can choose: Bayleton, Quadris, Maxim, Oxyhom, Ridomil, Strobi, Topaz, Tiovit Jet, Topsin, Falcon, Fundazol, Fitosporin, etc.

Watering quince

Quince needs systematic watering, which should be 4 or 5 per season. Young seedlings need more frequent watering. Trees that are already bearing fruit should be watered for the first time only before they bloom, especially if the spring is dry. The second time you need to water the quince when it blooms, the third - when the ovaries fall off, the fourth - when the shoots start to grow, the fifth - when the formed fruits begin to grow actively.

Young plants should be discontinued in the last days of August, and older plants in the first days of September. When watering, the soil should be saturated to the depth of the roots, namely, 0.8–1 meter. For 1 young plant for one watering, 40 buckets of water should go, and for 1 adult - 80 buckets. This plant is able to withstand both prolonged drought and prolonged flooding. However, in order to get a rich harvest of excellent quality, neither one nor the other should be allowed, and the plants must be watered in a timely manner and correctly.

When the quince is watered, it is recommended to remove all weeds and loosen the soil surface to a depth of 80 mm.

Top dressing of quince

Freshly planted quince should not be fed for 1 year, because for this time it will have enough nutrients that were introduced into the soil during planting. Organic fertilizers (humus and compost) should be applied to the soil no more than 1 time in 2 years. At the same time, quince is fed with mineral fertilizers 3 times per season, namely: in spring, summer and autumn.

In spring, nitrogen fertilizer should be scattered over the surface of the trunk circle. When the tree fades, it must be spilled with a solution of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (for 1 bucket of water from 200 to 300 grams of substance). In August, phosphate and potash fertilizers should be added to the soil, while 30 to 40 grams of the substance are taken per 1 square meter. In spring and autumn, it is imperative to fill the surface of the trunk circle with mulch (compost or peat), while the layer thickness should be at least 50 mm.

Wintering quince

Quince is not frost-resistant, because its root system is located horizontally at a not too great depth, so it can easily freeze. When preparing a plant for wintering, it is necessary to cover the surface of the trunk circle, as well as the bottom of the trunk, with dried foliage or humus. After the snow falls, a snowdrift should be placed under the quince, which will allow the plant to survive the winter normally. If it is grown in a region with frosty winters, then it is also recommended to insulate it by wrapping it with spunbond or lutrasil, then it must be tied with spruce branches.

Pruning quince

What time is the pruning

The main pruning of quince is carried out in the spring before sap flow begins. All dried and diseased branches that are destroyed should be cut off. If the plant is old, then it needs rejuvenating and thinning pruning. Quince requires regular formative pruning up to the age of five. In August, the ends of fast-growing stems should be pinched. When all the leaves fall off in the autumn and the dormant period begins, the quince only needs thinning and sanitary pruning.

Pruning rules

The formation of the crown of tall varieties is made in the form of a bowl with an open center; this will require 4 or 5 skeletal branches, the distance between which should be from 15 to 20 centimeters. In low-growing varieties, a sparse-tiered crown should be formed, for this you will need from 8 to 10 skeletal branches, with evenly spaced lateral branches. The height of the quince stem should not exceed 0.4–0.5 meters. Further pruning of quince is very similar to pruning an apple tree.

Spring pruning

After the seedling is planted in the spring, it will need pruning to a height of 0.5-0.6 m, while 7 or 8 buds should remain, of which the lower tier will be formed - 4 or 5 branches, the distance between which should be from 10 to 15 centimeters, and then the second tier of branches, located 0.3–0.4 m higher. When planting a seedling in autumn, pruning is carried out with the onset of the spring period. 12 months after the first pruning, in the springtime, the central branch of the plant (guide) should be cut to a height of 0.2–0.3 m from the level of the skeletal branches to the outer bud. At the same time, one-year increments located on the lower tier must be shortened to 0.5–0.6 m, as a result, branches of the second order will be formed. Lateral branches are not pruned, only those of them that contribute to the thickening of the center of the crown or compete with the conductor. Root shoots must be cut out. Before the quince begins to bear fruit, and this happens at 3 or 4 years, as a rule, it already has a fully formed crown.

Autumn pruning

From the fifth year of growth, the plant only needs to maintain the shape of the crown, and it is recommended to do this in the spring. In the autumn months, after the end of the leaf fall, the tree will need pruning, made for sanitary purposes, while it is necessary to cut out all injured, diseased, dried out and thickening branches, as well as those that grow in the wrong direction.

Reproduction of quince

Quince can be propagated by cuttings, root suckers, layering, grafting, and also by seed. Moreover, the generative (seed) method of reproduction is the simplest.

Propagation of quince seeds

You need ripe fruits that have been harvested no more than 4 weeks ago. From them, you need to extract brown seeds, which are washed in lukewarm water. Spread them over dry paper or cloth and wait until they dry completely. These seeds retain good germination for 6 months. It is best to sow before winter. However, this can be done in spring, but in this case, the seeds must first be stratified. To do this, immerse them in water for 5–6 hours, and then combine them with sand (1: 3) and place them in the refrigerator on the vegetable shelf, where they will remain until sowing.

Before winter, sowing is carried out in open soil in October, while they are deepened by only 20–30 mm. After sowing, the surface of the site must be covered with a layer of mulch (humus or peat). Between the rows, a distance of 0.2 to 0.25 m must be observed, while more than 100 seeds cannot be sown per running meter. After seedlings appear in spring, they should be thinned out 2 times.During the first thinning, observe the distance between the plants of 10 centimeters, and during the second - from 15 to 20 centimeters.

In the event that the seeds were placed on the refrigerator shelf in February, then it is recommended to sow them in open soil in April. How to sow is described above. However, if the beginning of stratification falls on December, then sowing should be carried out in the last days of February or the first - in March, while 2 or 3 seeds should be placed in 1 peat-humus pot at once, deepening them by 20–40 mm. Seedlings of quince are grown, like any other. When it becomes warm enough outside, you should start hardening the seedlings, after which they need to be planted in the ground without removing them from the pots. Before planting, the soil must be digged onto the bayonet of a shovel, it is moistened and only then the planting is carried out, while a distance of 10-15 centimeters is maintained between the bushes. The planted plants need to be watered, and the surface of the soil is sprinkled with a layer of mulch. When the plants have 2 true leaf plates, they will need to be thinned out, the second time they do this after 20 days.

By the beginning of the autumn period, the height of the plants will reach about 0.4 m, and they can be planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction of quince root suckers

Root suckers are root shoots that need to be cut regularly. If you want to choose this method for reproduction of quince, then keep in mind that the grown tree will have a poorly developed root system and medium-sized fruits. But if you follow certain rules, then normal seedlings can be grown from the growth. Select those basal offspring that are 15 to 20 centimeters high and 0.5 centimeters thick. They should be well tucked up so that the soil is close to the stem. After 20 days, they will need to be spud again. In autumn, it is necessary to separate the root offspring from the mother bush, as well as plant it in a permanent place. For the winter, the surface of the soil near it must be covered with a layer of humus or chips.

Reproduction of quince by layering

For reproduction of such a plant, horizontal or arcuate layers are used. How do these layers differ? The fact is that in the arcuate layer, only the middle part is pinned and covered with soil, and in the horizontal one, the entire stem must be laid in the groove, leaving only the top free, it is fixed in this position every 15 centimeters. Vertical shoots can grow from the lateral buds. When the height of such shoots is 0.15–0.2 m, they must be tucked up, and half covered with soil. In the summer, provide the cuttings with timely watering and weeding, and when the leaf fall ends, they are cut off from the mother plant and planted in a permanent place.

Propagation of quince by cuttings

Harvesting of green cuttings is done in June in the morning while it is cool outside. Each handle should have 1 or 2 internodes and a centimeter-long heel. The bottom of the cutting should be treated with Kornevin, then it is planted at an angle in a substrate consisting of peat and sand (1: 3). When planting between cuttings, a distance of 5 to 7 centimeters should be observed. In a warm place (20 to 25 degrees), the cuttings will take root after about 4-6 weeks. Rooted cuttings should be planted in a permanent place.

Quince is also propagated by lignified cuttings, the length of which should be 0.25 m, while the lower cut must be made directly under the kidney. For their rooting, use the same substrate as for green cuttings. The planted cuttings must be placed in a greenhouse.

Reproduction of quince by grafting

In order to plant a cultivated stalk of such a plant, you need to take a hawthorn stock or quince seedlings grown from seeds. The best rootstocks will grow from varieties such as Angerskaya quince and Provencal quince.Budding is carried out from the beginning to the middle of August, while using annual rootstocks. But it should be borne in mind that often it is quince that acts as a rootstock for other cultures. In this regard, experts recommend choosing other methods listed above for its reproduction. If you decide to propagate the quince by grafting, then this procedure should be performed in the same way as during the grafting of the apple tree.

Quince disease

Quince common diseases are: moniliosis (fruit rot), rust, brownish leaves, powdery mildew, ovary decay, as well as gray fruit rot.

Moniliosis

A fungal disease such as moniliosis spreads in regions with a temperate climate in a damp spring and from the beginning to mid-summer. Fruits damaged by mechanical means are the first to become infected; brown specks appear on their surface, which grow rather quickly. In fruits, the pulp loses its taste and becomes loose, as a result they fall off. However, some fruits remain on the branches, but turn blue and hard. To get rid of such a disease, it is necessary to treat the plant with Bordeaux mixture, Rovral, Abiga Peak, copper sulfate, Teldor or another fungicidal preparation of a similar action.

Brownish leaves

If a large number of rounded brown spots appear on the surface of the leaf plates, this indicates that the specimen is damaged by the brownishness of the leaves. As the disease progresses, the leaf plates dry out and die off prematurely. To get rid of such a disease, when the plant fades, it must be sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux liquid (1%). Remove fallen leaves from the site and destroy it.

Powdery mildew

If a bloom of a pale red or whitish color appears at the ends of young one-year shoots, this means that the quince is affected by powdery mildew. After a while, the plaque becomes denser and becomes a brown film, on the surface of which there are black dots (fruiting bodies of fungi). The development of stems stops, deformation of leaf plates and shedding of ovaries occurs. The plant begins to dry out at the points of growth. To cure the quince, when it fades, it must be sprayed with a fungicide, re-treatment is carried out after 15-20 days.

Rust

When a plant is affected by such a fungal disease as rust, brownish-orange tubercles are formed on the front surface of the leaf plates, while pustules of a round or oval shape appear on the seamy surface. After some time, the spots become stripes, and the leaves change their color to yellow and fly around ahead of time. To cure the plant, after the leaf plates open, spray it with a fungicide, after half a month the treatment is repeated.

Rotting ovaries

Quince can also be affected by rotting of the ovaries, this disease is also among the fungal. You can understand that the plant is affected by the dark spots that appear on the surface of the leaf plate, which eventually spread throughout the leaf. When the plant blooms, the disease affects the buds and flowers of the plant, while the ovaries die off. Experts recommend, for the prevention of this disease, to make systematic sanitary pruning, while it is necessary to remove all injured and diseased branches, and also burn all dried fruits. During flowering, it is necessary to spray the plant with a Fundazole solution. Also, this treatment can be done when the quince has faded.

Gray rot

If brown spots (necrosis) appear on the surface of foliage and stems, which grow very quickly, this means that the plant is affected by gray rot. If there is high humidity outside, then a fluffy bloom appears on the surface of these spots.The causative agent of this kind of rot is distinguished by its omnivorous nature; it also spreads quickly enough to neighboring plants. To cure an infected tree, you need to spray it with Oxyhom, Topaz, Cuproxat or Champion.

However, if the quince is properly looked after, observing all the rules of agricultural technology, then it is unlikely to get sick. Basic rules of agricultural technology:

1. The soil surface around the plant must be clean at all times.
2. When all the fruits have been collected, the tree must be sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid in order to prevent it.
3. Copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid should be sprayed on the plant in early spring, which will exterminate all pests and pathogenic microorganisms that hide in the topsoil or in the quince bark for the winter.

Quince pests

Quince is highly resistant to various pests, and if it is healthy, then, as a rule, such insects do not settle on it. However, it is very rare for apple moths, leaf-dominating moths, fruit mites and apple aphids to settle on it.

Leaf dominant moth

Leaf-dominating moth - this is how they name all pests that mine the leaf plates of a tree. As a result, they die off, and the quality of the crop deteriorates, and the number of fruits decreases. A weakened plant is unable to form buds, and it is also often damaged by frost. Most often on such a plant there is a snake-shaped and round-shaped variety of moths. In the fight against such pests, it is necessary to spray the plant with a solution of Fundazol (1%) or Dipterex (1.5%) after it fades. Also, make sure the surface of the trunk circle is clean.

Fruit mites

The red and brown fruit mite settles on any fruit tree. The larvae of such insects contribute to the oppression of young stems and buds, as they suck the juice out of them. As a result, the garden begins to “cry” because juice oozes from the wounds. For prophylaxis, during foliage falling, the plant should be sprayed with a urea solution (7%).

Aphid

Aphids can settle on any plant and cause significant harm to it. This pest sucks out the juice from the young stems and leaf plates of the plant, which leads to their deformation and folding, they stop growing, and a black coating appears on their surface due to the sooty fungus. Aphids are considered the main carrier of dangerous viral diseases, which can be effectively treated until they have learned. In order to exterminate aphids, it is enough to spray the quince with an insecticide. If you wish, you can resort to folk remedies, for example, grind 1 piece of laundry soap on a grater and dissolve it in 10 liters of water, this solution is sprayed on both the front and the back of the foliage. This tool is remarkable in that it does not harm the quince.

Apple moth

Even the fruit of a walnut cannot resist the apple moth, she easily gnaws it. After the end of the flowering of the quince, the butterflies of this pest are selected from the ground. They are distinguished by their fertility, so, in 1 season, they are able to breed 2 or 3 generations. 1 caterpillar manages to harm several fruits during its life. To destroy this pest, it is recommended to use solutions of biological agents, so, for 1 bucket of water, from 20 to 30 grams of Lepidocide, from 40 to 80 grams of Bitoxibacillin or from 30 to 50 grams of Dendrobacillin are taken.

In order to avoid the invasion of pests, it is necessary to resort to preventive measures:

1. Perform timely weeding, as well as remove volunteers from the site.
2. Cover the trunk circle with a layer of mulch (humus or peat).
3. To prevent creeping pests from reaching the plant, it is necessary to resort to the use of trapping belts.
4. In spring, be sure to perform sanitary pruning, while diseased stems and branches must be burned.
5. At the beginning of the spring and late autumn, you need to spray quince with a solution of urea (7%) for prevention.

Quince varieties with photos and names

The following types of quince are cultivated by gardeners: ordinary or oblong quince and Japanese quince. Such varieties belong to the pink family, but at the same time they are representatives of different genera. So, the Japanese quince is part of the genomeles genus, and therefore its varieties will not be described in this article. Such a monotypic genus as an ordinary or oblong quince has many different varieties, which are divided according to the ripening time into late, mid-maturing and early ones.

Early varieties of quince

The following early varieties are most popular:

1. Early oil can... Fruit ripening is observed in the last days of September. Large lemon-yellow fruits weigh 190-350 grams, they are smooth, ribbed and have a conical-round shape. The yellowish-white fragrant pulp has an average density, it is juicy, fine-grained and sweet-sour. During storage, the astringent effect of the fruits disappears and they acquire a sweet taste.
2. Crimean aromatic... The winter-resistant variety is distinguished by its yield. It is resistant to subcutaneous spotting. Fruit ripening occurs at the end of September. Medium smooth yellow-lemon fruits are apple-shaped. The slightly sour pale yellow flesh is juicy.
3. Juicy... A productive variety resistant to drought and frost. The average fruit weighs about 250 grams. The sweet-sour yellow flesh is very juicy.
4. Harvest Kuban... This high-yielding variety is resistant to disease, frost and drought. Quite large fruits weigh up to 0.5 kg. The sweet-sour creamy pulp is juicy enough.
5. Skorospelka... This high-yielding technical grade is disease resistant. The fruits are small, their sweet-sour flesh has a mediocre taste. Such fruits are not eaten fresh.

The following early varieties are still quite popular: Aurora, Anzherskaya, Zolotistaya, Gold of the Scythians, Rumo, Nikitskaya, Golden ball, Collective, Krasnoslobodskaya, Gift, etc.

Medium varieties of quince

Fruits of mid-season varieties ripen from early to mid-October. Varieties:

1. Kaunchi 10... This is a high-yielding Central Asian variety that is distinguished by drought resistance, average frost resistance. Medium pear-shaped fruits have a smooth, in some cases slightly ribbed surface, on which there is an easily erased gray tomentose pubescence. The orange-yellow fruit has a creamy, aromatic flesh that is sweet and firm.
2. Kuban... This variety is fast-growing, it has medium resistance to drought and frost. Small, slightly ribbed cylindrical-rounded fruits weigh about 250 grams, on their surface there is a dense pubescence, consisting of gray felt pile. In ripe greenish-orange fruits, pubescence disappears. Juicy, sweet creamy pulp has low acidity and medium density, there are stony cells near the seed chamber.
3. Astrakhan... The variety has a high yield. Medium pear-shaped, pale yellow fruits weigh about 200 grams. The yellow flesh with a creamy shade is dense, fine-grained, has a tart-sour taste.
4. Golotlinskaya apple-shaped... This early ripening variety is distinguished by its unpretentiousness and productivity, it has a compact small crown. Medium pubescent ribbed fruits have a cylindrical or flat-spherical shape, they are colored yellow-golden with green and weigh about 280 grams. The juicy pulp is pale yellow tart, even after processing it is very fragrant.
5. Beretsky... This partially self-fertile variety was born thanks to Hungarian breeders and has a stable yield.For pollination it is recommended to use the varieties Giant, Champion and Portuguese. The large pear-shaped fruits weigh about 270 grams, are very aromatic and have a high taste. They can be eaten fresh, like apples. The juicy yellow pulp is very tasty.
6. Trimontium... The variety is winter hardy. Medium fruits are of equal size, they are usually used for processing.

The following varieties are also quite popular among gardeners: Limonka, Otnichnitsa, Leskovats, Schuchinskaya, Persian, etc.

Late varieties of quince

Fruits of late varieties ripen in the last days of October or in November. Popular varieties:

1. Zubutlinskaya... This Dagestan variety of folk selection is distinguished by its yield and resistance to wind, frost and diseases. The yellow-golden felt fruits are very large and weigh about 0.8 kg, they are obtuse ribbed, have a rounded shape. Juicy pale yellow pulp tastes very pleasant.
2. Vraniska Denmark... This variety of Yugoslavian selection is distinguished by high productivity, it is resistant to diseases and wind. The yellow-green, slightly woolen fruits of a pear-shaped truncated-rounded shape weigh about 270 grams. Sweetish-sour, firm and juicy pulp is colored in a pale yellow color.
3. Buinakskaya large-fruited... The Dagestan early-growing and self-fertile variety is distinguished by high productivity and resistance to diseases and frost. Cylindrical or pear-shaped, pale yellow fruits are rather large, in some cases their weight reaches 0.7 kg.
4. Ktyun-Zhum (winter quince)... A strongly late variety is zoned for the Middle Caucasus. Smooth yellow fruits with a golden hue are wide-ribbed, often weighing about 0.8 kg. The pale yellow sweet-sour pulp has a high taste.
5. Portuguese... This European variety is partially self-fertile and has medium frost resistance. Medium, slightly pubescent, short-pear-shaped fruits are ribbed. The pale yellow fragrant pulp has a tart taste.

Still popular are such varieties as: Mir, Student, Giant, Champion, Victoria, etc.

Quince varieties for the Moscow region

Quince is excellent for cultivation in the Moscow region, because it has a very high resistance to frost, and tolerates winter better than sweet cherries, apricots, cherries and than certain varieties of apple and pear. For wintering, the quince must be covered; for this, the bottom of the stem and the root zone are insulated. Recommended varieties:

1. Muscat... This medium-sized early variety has a high yield and is resistant to frost, drought and disease. This variety is best suited for the Moscow region, as it grows well on dense soil. Felt to the touch, fluffy fruits have a rough, pale creamy flesh.
2. Firstborn... The moisture-loving early variety is distinguished by its yield and frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit from the fourth year. Rounded, non-pubescent smooth fruits are light yellow in color and weigh about 220 grams. The creamy, fragrant pulp is tender and juicy.
3. Amber... The early-growing mid-season variety has an average frost resistance and is distinguished by its yield and high resistance to drought and fungal diseases. Slightly ribbed apple-shaped medium fruits can be colored from amber to rich yellow. Very fragrant coarse-grained pulp of yellow-orange or rich cream color, juicy and sweet-sour.
4. Success... The late self-fertile variety is characterized by frost and drought resistance and productivity. Slightly pubescent, smooth, rounded fruits have a pale yellow color and sweet flesh.
5. Krasnodar... The mid-season variety is resistant to frost and drought. Medium weakly ribbed apple-shaped fruits weigh about 200 grams, they are painted in a rich yellow or orange-amber hue. The coarse-grained, very fragrant pulp is juicy, sweet-sour, yellow-orange or rich cream in color.

Also recommended for cultivation in the Moscow region are such varieties as: Aromatic, Steppe beauty, Dessertnaya, Excellent, Blagodatnaya, Ranetnaya and Gurdzhi.

Pear varieties Shiksha (crowberry) Lingonberry Pear Yoshta Gooseberry Blueberry Thorn Schisandra